Low Back Pain: Causes, Tests, and Treatments

Low back pain is a usual symptom among modern civilised people. It affects mainly the middle-aged and young adults of both sexes. People who work on the chair without exercise and those who carry heavy loads regularly are prone to get this complaint. We can hardly find a person who has not suffered from back pain at least once in life. The causes of low back pain range from simple reasons like muscular strain to cancer of the spine and hence backache should not be ignored. The pain is felt in the lumbar and sacral region and may radiate to nearby sites.

The following are some causes of backache.

1) Backache due to diseases in the back.

2) Backache due to gynaecological problems.

3) Backache due to problems in other parts of the body.

4) Backache due to diseases in the back.

a) Injuries.

1) Compression fracture of the vertebral column.
2) Rupture of intervertebral discs.
3) Injuries to ligaments and muscles of the back.
4) Lumbosacral strain.
5) Intervertebral joint injuries.
6) Fracture of processes of vertebra.

b) Functional backache due to imbalance:

1) During pregnancy.
2) Potbelly.
3) Diseases of the hip joint.
4) Curvature in the spine due to congenital defect.
5) Short leg on one side.

c) Backache due to inflammatory conditions:

1) Infection of the bone due to bacteria.
2) Tuberculosis of the spine.
3) Arthritis.
4) Brucellosis.
5) Lumbago or fibrositis.
6) Inflammation of the muscles.
7) Anchylosing spondylitis.

d) Backache due to degenerative diseases in the back.

1) Osteoarthritis.
2) Osteoporosis in old people.
3) Degeneration of the intervertebral disc.

e) Tumour in the spine.

1) Primary tumour of the bones in the spine.
2) Metastatic tumours from other sites like the prostate, lungs, kidneys, intestine etc.

f) Backache due to gynaecological problems:-

1. After childbirth.
2. After gynaecological operations.
3. Prolapse of the uterus.
4. Pelvic inflammatory diseases.
5. Cancerous lesions of the pelvic organs.
6. Endometriosis.

g) Backache due to problems in other parts of the body.

1. Renal stones.
2. Ureteric stone.
3. Cancer of the prostate.
4. Pancreatitis.
5. Biliary stones.
6. Peptic ulcer.
7. Inflammations of pelvic organs.
8. Occlusion of the aorta and iliac arteries.

Investigation of a case of backache:-

1) Complete blood count.

2) Routine urine examination.

3) Ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis.

4) X-ray of the lumbar and sacral region.

5) MRI of the spine.

5) CT scan of the abdomen and pelvic region.

6) Examination of rectum, prostate, genitourinary organs.

Treatment of backache:-

1) Removing the cause for backache.

2) Symptomatic treatment.

2) Back exercises.

3) Traction.

3) Yoga.

5) Surgery.

7) Homoeopathy.

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